The number is set equal to the number of valid observations in the original data set.īootstrap confidence interval:** provides an estimated range of values that is likely to include an unknown population parameter. It is used to compute the Q² statistic.īootstrap cases: these make up the number of observations drawn in every bootstrap run. The method yields very low type I errors but is limited in terms of statistical power.īlindfolding: a sample reuse technique that omits singular elements of the data matrix and uses the model estimates to predict the omitted part. The model with the lowest BIC is preferred.īias-corrected and accelerated (BCa) bootstrap confidence intervals: a method for constructing confidence intervals that adjusts for biases and skewness in the bootstrap distribution. It is the degree to which a latent construct explains the variance of its indicators see Communality (construct).īandwidth-fidelity dilemma: a practical dilemma resulting from the trade-off between using measures that will cover the majority of variation in a trait or measures that will assess a few specific traits more precisely.īayesian information criterion (BIC): a criterion for model selection among an alternative set of models.
The absolute contribution is provided by the loading of the indicator (i.e., its bivariate correlation with the formatively measured construct).Ībsolute importance: see Absolute contribution.Īkaike weights: the weight of evidence in favor of a certain model being the best model for the situation at hand given a set of alternative models.Īlgorithmic options: offer different ways to run the PLS-SEM algorithm by, for example, selecting between alternative starting values, stop values, weighting schemes, and maximum number of iterations.Īlternating extreme pole responses: a suspicious survey response pattern where a respondent uses only the extreme poles of the scale (e.g., a 7-point scale) in an alternating order to answer the questions.Īrtifacts: human-made concepts that are typically measured with formative indicators.Īverage variance extracted (AVE): a measure of convergent validity. While statistical power analyses provide more reliable minimum sample size estimates, researchers should primarily draw on the inverse square root method, which stands out in terms of precision and ease of use.Ībsolute contribution: the information an indicator variable provides about the formatively measured item, ignoring all other indicators. The 10 times rule is not a reliable indication of sample size requirements in PLS-SEM and should at best be seen as a rough estimate.
Adopted from the book on PLS-SEM by Hair, Hult, Ringle, and Sarstedt.ġ0 times rule: one way to determine the minimum sample size specific to the PLS path model that one needs for model estimation (i.e., 10 times the number of independent variables of the most complex ordinary least squares regression in the structural model or any formative measurement model).
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